Science in Grade 10 in Sri Lanka primarily focuses on providing students with a fundamental understanding of various scientific concepts, theories, and practical applications. The subject is divided into three main disciplines: Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Below is an overview of the topics typically covered:
Biology
- Introduction to Life Processes
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Cell structure and function
- Organ systems and their roles
- Ecosystems and Environment
- Types of ecosystems
- Food chains and food webs
- Environmental conservation
- Genetics and Evolution
- Basics of heredity
- Genetic traits and inheritance
- Evolutionary theories
- Human Biology
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
- Health and diseases
Chemistry
- Introduction to Matter
- Atomic structure
- Elements, compounds, and mixtures
- Periodic table
- Chemical Reactions
- Types of chemical reactions
- Balancing chemical equations
- Acids, bases, and salts
- Applications of Chemistry
- Fuels and energy sources
- Environmental impact of chemicals
- Industrial applications
Physics
- Mechanics
- Motion and forces
- Work, energy, and power
- Circular motion
- Electricity and Magnetism
- Electric circuits
- Magnetic fields and their applications
- Electromagnetic waves
- Waves and Light
- Properties of sound and light
- Reflection and refraction
- Lenses and optical instruments
- Heat and Temperature
- Thermal expansion
- Heat transfer methods
- Applications in daily life
Practical Component
Science education in Grade 10 also involves laboratory work to help students develop investigative skills and understand theoretical concepts through experiments. Examples include testing chemical reactions, studying plant cells under a microscope, and measuring the speed of sound.
Examination
Students are assessed through written exams, practical exams, and project work as part of their preparation for the General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level (O/L) in Grade 11.
This curriculum is designed to lay the groundwork for advanced studies in science and related fields, ensuring students gain a comprehensive scientific foundation.