Mathematics in Grade 8 in Sri Lanka focuses on building a strong foundation in key mathematical concepts and problem-solving skills. The curriculum typically includes the following topics:
- Numbers and Operations
- Whole numbers, fractions, and decimals
- Positive and negative integers
- Prime numbers and factorization
- Ratios, proportions, and percentages
- Algebra
- Simplifying algebraic expressions
- Solving linear equations
- Introduction to inequalities
- Patterns and sequences
- Geometry
- Properties of angles and lines
- Triangles and their properties
- Quadrilaterals and polygons
- Circles and arcs
- Symmetry and transformations
- Measurement
- Perimeter, area, and volume of geometric shapes
- Units of measurement and conversions
- Time, speed, and distance calculations
- Statistics and Probability
- Collecting and organizing data
- Mean, median, and mode
- Bar charts, pie charts, and histograms
- Basic probability concepts
- Trigonometry
- Introduction to trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent)
- Applications of trigonometry in right-angled triangles
- Sets and Venn Diagrams
- Definition and notation of sets
- Union, intersection, and complement of sets
- Venn diagrams for problem-solving
These topics are designed to develop critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills among students. Additionally, students are encouraged to apply mathematical concepts to real-life scenarios to enhance their understanding.