Science Gr 11
Based on the Grade 11 Science syllabus according to the Sri Lankan Ministry of Education Teacher’s Guide, here is the official breakdown of topics organized term by term:
1st Term
Biology / Life Processes
- Plant Tissues: Characteristics of meristematic (growth tissue) and permanent tissues.
- Animal Tissues: Types and functions of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
- Photosynthesis (making food using sunlight): Process, importance, mechanisms, and factors affecting rate.
Chemistry / Matter & Changes
- Mixtures: Types of mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous).
- Composition of Mixtures: Expressing concentration (mass fraction, volume fraction, molarity).
- Separation Techniques: Methods to separate mixtures (distillation, extraction, chromatography).
Physics / Waves & Light
- Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves: Properties, transverse vs. longitudinal waves.
- Sound Waves: Properties of sound, echo, reverberation, and applications in day-to-day life.
- Geometrical Optics: Reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors, and ray diagrams.
2nd Term
Biology / Life Processes
- Human Digestive System: Process of digestion (breaking down food) and absorption.
- Human Respiratory System: Gaseous exchange and cellular respiration (releasing energy from food).
- Human Excretory System: Elimination of nitrogenous waste and kidney function.
- Human Circulatory System: Blood composition, heart structure, and blood circulation.
- Coordination and Homeostasis (maintaining stable internal body conditions): Nervous and hormonal coordination.
Chemistry / Chemical Reactions
- Acids, Bases, and Salts: Properties, pH scale, indicator reactions, and salt formation.
- Heat Changes in Chemical Reactions: Exothermic (releasing heat) and endothermic (absorbing heat) reactions.
Physics / Thermal & Electrical Physics
- Thermal Effects: Heat capacity, specific heat capacity, latent heat, and thermal expansion.
- Electrical Power and Energy: Quantifying power (), electrical energy consumption, and household electricity usage.
- Electronics: Diodes, transistors, logic gates, and simple practical electronic circuits.
3rd Term
Chemistry / Electrochemistry & Materials
- Electrochemical Cells: Components and reactions of primary and secondary cells.
- Electrolysis (using electricity to drive a chemical change): Industrial applications and principles.
- Corrosion: Mechanisms of rusting and prevention techniques.
- Hydrocarbons and Derivatives: Structure and properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and alcohols.
- Polymers: Natural vs. synthetic polymers, polymerization process.
Physics / Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Force: Nature of magnetic fields around conductors and motors.
- Electromagnetic Induction (generating electricity using magnets): Generators, transformers, and Faraday’s law.
Environment & Ecology
- Biosphere and Ecosystems: Organizational levels of the biosphere and environmental interactions.
- Ecosystem Balance: Food webs, energy flow, ecological pyramids, and biogeochemical cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen).
- Environmental Pollution: Types, adverse effects, and mitigation strategies.
- Lifestyle Changes and Sustainable Development: Conservation practices and environmental management.